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Pinealon
- CAS Number
- 175175-23-2
- Molecular Formula
- C15H26N6O8
- Molecular Weight
- 418.40 g/mol
FOR RESEARCH USE ONLYNOT FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION
TRUE AXIS BIO
MOTS‑c
- CAS Number
- 1627580-64-6
- Molecular Formula
- C101H152N28O22S2
- Molecular Weight
- 2174.6 g/mol
FOR RESEARCH USE ONLYNOT FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION
MOTS-c
MOTS-c is a mitochondrial-derived research peptide studied for its role in cellular energy signaling, metabolic stress responses, glucose metabolism, and communication between mitochondria and the cell nucleus. Intended strictly for controlled laboratory research.
For Research Use Only (RUO). Not for human or animal consumption.
Not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
Purchaser must meet all applicable age requirements.
SKU: TAB-MOTSC
Plain-English Summary
Research Overview
- What It Is
- MOTS-c is a mitochondrial-derived research peptide studied for its role in cellular energy sensing, metabolic signaling, and communication between mitochondria and the cell nucleus.
MOTS-c is a naturally occurring 16-amino-acid peptide encoded within the mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA region. Research has examined how it may help cells respond to changing energy conditions, nutrient availability, metabolic stress, and physical activity.
Most research involving externally administered MOTS-c has been conducted in laboratory and animal models. Human clinical effects, safety, dosing, and therapeutic applications have not been established. - Explanation
- MOTS-c is a small signaling peptide produced from genetic information inside the mitochondria.
Mitochondria are best known for helping cells manage energy, but they also send signals that affect how the rest of the cell responds to stress and changes in nutrient availability.
Researchers study MOTS-c to understand how mitochondrial signals may influence cellular energy use, glucose metabolism, stress responses, skeletal-muscle activity, and communication with the cell nucleus. - Why It’s Researched
- Researchers study MOTS-c to better understand mitochondrial signaling, cellular energy regulation, glucose utilization, metabolic stress responses, skeletal-muscle metabolism, and mitochondrial-to-nuclear communication.
Published laboratory and preclinical studies have examined MOTS-c in relation to AMPK-related energy sensing, folate and purine metabolism, AICAR-associated signaling, insulin sensitivity, glucose metabolism, physical activity, and cellular adaptation.
Research has also observed MOTS-c moving into the cell nucleus during metabolic stress. This process has been studied for its possible role in regulating nuclear genes involved in stress responses and cellular balance.
Human studies have examined naturally occurring MOTS-c levels in blood and skeletal muscle, including changes associated with exercise. These studies do not establish that an externally supplied MOTS-c product produces the same effects in humans. - Storage Instructions
- Do not enter a specific temperature unless your supplier documentation or batch-specific records confirm it. Store and handle according to the instructions provided with the applicable batch documentation. Protect the material from excessive heat, light, moisture, and contamination. Maintain appropriate laboratory records for receipt, storage, handling, and disposal. For laboratory research only.
Once reconstituted, store at the verified temperature specified for the exact product or formulation when such guidance is available.
Product-Specific Information
Scientific Details
- Scientific Context
- MOTS-c stands for mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA type-c.
It is a 16-amino-acid peptide encoded by mitochondrial DNA. This distinguishes it from most peptides and proteins, which are encoded by DNA inside the cell nucleus.
Mitochondria are involved in cellular energy production, but they also act as signaling centers. They can communicate information about energy availability, nutrient conditions, and cellular stress to other parts of the cell.
MOTS-c is studied as one of these mitochondrial-derived signaling molecules.
Laboratory research suggests that MOTS-c can influence folate and purine metabolism. These changes may increase cellular levels of an AMP-related molecule known as AICAR, which is associated with activation of AMP-activated protein kinase, commonly abbreviated as AMPK.
AMPK is an enzyme that helps cells detect changes in energy availability and coordinate metabolic responses. Researchers therefore study MOTS-c in connection with cellular energy sensing, glucose utilization, lipid metabolism, and adaptation to metabolic stress.
Under certain experimental stress conditions, MOTS-c has also been observed moving from the mitochondria-related cellular environment into the nucleus. In the nucleus, it may influence the expression of genes involved in stress resistance and cellular adaptation.
Researchers have also examined MOTS-c in skeletal muscle and exercise-related studies. Naturally occurring MOTS-c levels have been observed to change following exercise in a small human study, while experiments in mice examined physical capacity and age-related metabolic changes.
These findings remain investigational. Results from cells, animals, or measurements of naturally occurring MOTS-c cannot be used to establish the safety, effectiveness, or appropriate use of an externally supplied MOTS-c research product in humans.
Mechanism Snapshot
Targets & Pathways
- Common Research Areas
- • Mitochondrial signaling
• Cellular energy sensing
• AMPK-related signaling
• Mitochondrial-to-nuclear communication
• Metabolic stress responses
• Glucose utilization and glucose metabolism
• Insulin-signaling research
• Folate and purine metabolism
• AICAR-associated cellular signaling
• Skeletal-muscle metabolism
• Exercise-related cellular responses
• Lipid and metabolic regulation
• Oxidative-stress response pathways
• Nuclear gene-expression regulation
• Aging-related metabolic research
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